Anaphase

Anaphase main During anaphase A, the cohesins that bind sister chromatids together are cleaved, forming two identical daughter chromosomes.

Anaphase I Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes (which consist of a pair of sister chromatids) to opposite poles.

An incident in chromosome separation during anaphase II (of meiosis II ) called nondisjunction can result in sperm cells with an extra copy of the Y-chromosome.

As the cell elongates, corresponding daughter chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell and condense maximally in late anaphase.

During mitotic progression, typically after anaphase onset, the cell may undergo cytokinesis.

Gene transcription ceases during prophase and does not resume until late anaphase to early G1 phase. citation citation citation The nucleolus also disappears during early prophase. citation Condensing chromosomes.

If the cell successfully passes through the metaphase checkpoint, it proceeds to anaphase.

The cell senses this tension and does not progress with anaphase until all the chromosomes are properly bi-oriented.

The chiasmata remain on the chromosomes until they are severed at the transition to anaphase I. In mammalian and human fetal oogenesis all developing oocytes develop to this stage and are arrested before birth.

The protein complex cohesin holds sister chromatids together from the time of their replication until anaphase.

This is followed by anaphase II, in which the remaining centromeric cohesin is cleaved allowing the sister chromatids to segregate.