Berkelium in a sentence

For reasons of military secrecy, this result was published only in 1956. citation Nuclear reactors produce mostly, among the berkelium isotopes, berkelium-249.

The intergrowth of californium in berkelium occurs at a rate of 0.22% per day and is an intrinsic obstacle in studying berkelium properties.

Therefore, any primordial berkelium, that is, berkelium present on the Earth during its formation, has decayed by now.

They crystallize in the rock-salt structure and are prepared by the reaction of either berkelium(III) hydride (BkH 3 ) or metallic berkelium with these elements at elevated temperature (about 600 °C) under high vacuum.

Two forms of berkelium(III) bromide are known: one with berkelium having coordination 6, and one with coordination 8. The latter is less stable and transforms to the former phase upon heating to about 350 °C.

Berkelium and cerium are then separated with another round of ion-exchange treatment.

Berkelium hydrides are produced by reacting metal with hydrogen gas at temperatures about 250 °C.

Berkelium(III) fluoride (BkF 3 ) is also a yellow-green solid, but it has two crystalline structures.

Berkelium(III) phosphate (BkPO 4 ) has been prepared as a solid, which shows strong fluorescence under excitation with a green light.

Berkelium(II) oxide, BkO, has been reported as a brittle gray solid but its exact chemical composition remains uncertain.

Berkelium is relatively soft and has one of the lowest bulk moduli among the actinides, at about 20 GPa (2 × 10 10 Pa).

Difficulty in studying its properties is due to einsteinium-253's conversion to berkelium and then californium at a rate of about 3% per day.

Fourteen isotopes of berkelium were identified with mass numbers 238–252.

In a thermal reactor, much of it will therefore be converted to berkelium-250 which quickly decays to californium-250.

It can be prepared by introducing hydrogen chloride vapors into an evacuated quartz tube containing berkelium oxide at a temperature about 500 °C.

Just over one gram of berkelium has been produced in the United States since 1967.

Only the further search for characteristic X-rays and conversion electron signals resulted in the identification of a berkelium isotope.

Several other salts of berkelium are known, including an oxysulfide (Bk 2 O 2 S), and hydrated nitrate ( ), chloride ( ), sulfate ( ) and oxalate ( ).

Such separation relies on the fact that berkelium easily oxidizes to the solid +4 state and precipitates, whereas other actinides, including einsteinium, remain in their +3 state in solutions.

The element berkelium was synthesized utilizing the 60-inch cyclotron at UC Berkeley, and named in 1949, recognizing the university, thus also placing the city's name in the list of elements.