Birefringence in a sentence

A combination of linear and circular birefringence will have as basis polarizations two orthogonal elliptical polarizations; the term "elliptical birefringence" however is rarely used.

In a liquid, linear birefringence is impossible, however there may be circular birefringence when a chiral molecule is in solution.

Alternatively, stress permanently induced in the fiber will produce stress birefringence ; this may be accomplished using rods of another material included within the cladding.

A probabilistic nature of light-particle motion was first considered by Newton in his treatment of birefringence and, more generally, of the splitting of light beams at interfaces into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam.

As noted above and seen in the accompanying photograph, the chromaticity of birefringence typically creates colored patterns when viewed in between two polarizers.

A typical DFA has several tens of meters, long enough to already show this randomness of the birefringence axes.

Birefringence of this sort is possible even in a fluid because the handedness of the helices is not dependent on their orientation: even when the direction of one helix is reversed, it still appears right handed.

For instance, choosing right and left circular polarizations as basis functions simplifies the solution of problems involving circular birefringence (optical activity) or circular dichroism.

Fortunately, in optical fibres small amounts of birefringence are always present and, furthermore, the fast and slow axes vary randomly along the fibre length.

However tiny amounts of random birefringence in such a fiber, or bending in the fiber, will cause a tiny amount of crosstalk from the vertical to the horizontal polarization mode.

In addition to birefringence and dichroism in extended media, polarization effects can also occur at the (reflective) interface between two materials of different refractive index.

Instead, Newton preferred to imagine non-spherical particles, or "corpuscles", of light with different "sides" that give rise to birefringence.

Like birefringence, diattenuation can be with respect to linear polarization modes (in a crystal) or circular polarization modes (usually in a liquid).

Measurement of birefringence can be achieved using cross polarisers in a microscope to obtain an image of e.g. vesicle walls or using techniques such as dual polarisation interferometry to quantify lipid order or disruption in supported bilayers.

Paths taken by vectors in the Poincaré sphere under birefringence.

Single calcite crystals display an optical property called birefringence (double refraction).

The mineral resembles quartz in symmetry and in its exhibiting birefringence ; cinnabar has a mean refractive index of ~3.2, a hardness between 2 and 2.5, and a specific gravity of ~8.1.

There are many different types of liquid-crystal phases, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence ).

The waveplate is characterized by the amount of relative phase, Γ, that it imparts on the two components, which is related to the birefringence Δn and the thickness L of the crystal by the formula : where λ 0 is the vacuum wavelength of the light.

This causes circular birefringence, and is engineered so that there is a 90 degree rotation of the linear polarization state.