Buridan

Also, for instance, in a 1425 document from the University of Cologne which draws a distinction between the via of Thomas Aquinas, Albert the Great, and the via of the 'modern masters' John Buridan and Marsilius of Inghen.

For Buridan, humans have the capacity of autonomy, and he recognises the choice that is ultimately made will be based on chance, as both loaves of bread are exactly the same.

His claim (which he attributes to Charles Sanders Peirce and John Buridan ) is that every statement includes an implicit assertion of its own truth.

It is unclear if Buridan was influenced by Avicenna, or by Philoponus directly.

Scholars such as Jean Buridan and Nicole Oresme started to reinterpret elements of Aristotle's mechanics.