Bytecode

As an advantage over bytecode, the AST keeps the global program structure and relations between statements (which is lost in a bytecode representation), and when compressed provides a more compact representation.

Bytecode still runs more slowly than primitives, but functions loaded as bytecode can be easily modified and re-loaded.

Compiling the JVM bytecode which is universal across JVM languages allows building upon the existing compiler to bytecode.

The Bytecode Alliance is already hitting the ground running with a number of projects, some brand new and others formalising joint ventures already in place.

A JIT compiler may translate Java bytecode into native machine language while executing the program.

An instruction set simulator can process the object code / binary of any assembler to achieve portability even across platforms with an overhead no greater than a typical bytecode interpreter.

A program written in Java can be compiled directly into the machine language of a real computer and programs written in other languages than Java can be compiled into Java bytecode.

As of May 2010, all patents related to bytecode hinting have expired worldwide, so FreeType 2.4 now enables these features by default.

Compared to source files, bytecode files load faster, occupy less space on the disk, use less memory when loaded, and run faster.

Control tables - that do not necessarily ever need to pass through a compiling phase - dictate appropriate algorithmic control flow via customized interpreters in similar fashion to bytecode interpreters.

Examples of such overhead include bytecode interpretation, reference-counting memory management, and dynamic type-checking.

In addition, bytecode files are platform-independent.

In January 2015 Corman Lisp has been published under MIT license. citation ; Embeddable Common Lisp (ECL) : ECL includes a bytecode interpreter and compiler.

It assumes the code is "semantically" correct, that is, it successfully passed the (formal) bytecode verifier process, materialized by a tool, possibly off-board the virtual machine.

It is possible to compile Parrot assembly language and PIR (an intermediate language) to Parrot bytecode and execute it.

It is possible to either compile the source code or JVM bytecode to JavaScript.

It was formerly just a component of the Armed Bear J Editor. ; CLISP : A bytecode-compiling implementation, portable and runs on a number of Unix and Unix-like systems (including Mac OS X ), as well as Microsoft Windows and several other systems.

Java applets can be written in any programming language that compiles to Java bytecode.

Java bytecode instructions are analogous to machine code, but they are intended to be executed by a virtual machine (VM) written specifically for the host hardware.

Java bytecode is intended to be platform-independent and secure.