Chromatids

Anaphase I Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes (which consist of a pair of sister chromatids) to opposite poles.

Anaphase main During anaphase A, the cohesins that bind sister chromatids together are cleaved, forming two identical daughter chromosomes.

At this stage, non-sister chromatids may cross-over at points called chiasmata (plural; singular chiasma ).

During meiosis II, sister chromatids decouple and the resultant daughter chromosomes are segregated into four daughter cells.

Each daughter cell now has half the number of chromosomes but each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatids.

Meiosis II Meiosis II is the second meiotic division, and usually involves equational segregation, or separation of sister chromatids.

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, each still made up of two sister chromatids, into two daughter cells, thus reducing the chromosome number by half.

Once the cells have divided, the chromatids are uncoiled and DNA can again be transcribed.

Regarding mitotic chromosome structure, centromeres represent a constricted region of the chromosome (often referred to as the primary constriction) where two identical sister chromatids are most closely in contact.

Sister chromatid exchange is a symmetrical exchange of chromosome material between sister chromatids and may be correlated to the mutagenic or carcinogenic potential of a chemical.

Sister chromatids at this point are called daughter chromosomes.

Sister chromatids remain attached during telophase I. Cells may enter a period of rest known as interkinesis or interphase II.

The centromere is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids or a dyad.

The disentanglement is essential for distributing the chromatids into daughter cells after DNA replication.

The exchange of information between the non-sister chromatids results in a recombination of information; each chromosome has the complete set of information it had before, and there are no gaps formed as a result of the process.

The microtubules then contract to pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart.

The protein complex cohesin holds sister chromatids together from the time of their replication until anaphase.

Therefore, resulting sister chromatids cannot separate together and cannot divide into 2 daughter cells.

The sister chromatids are segregated to separate daughter cells to produce a total of four haploid cells.

The sister chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles.