Copulas

Copulas are words such as esti 'be', iĝi 'become', resti 'remain', and ŝajni 'seem', for which neither noun phrase takes the accusative case.

Essence vs. state Some languages use different copulas, or different syntax, when denoting a permanent, essential characteristic of something and when denoting a temporary state.

It also explains the apparent lack of numerals and Western syntactic features (such as articles and copulas ), and the general inscrutability of the illustrations.

Japanese sentences with copulas most often equate one thing with another, that is, they are of the form "A is B." Examples: : The difference between da and desu appears simple.

So not only (transitive, intransitive and so-called 'stative') verbs but even nouns often behave like verbs and do not need to have copulas.

They are not copulas but existential verbs.