Counterfactual

Causality construed from counterfactual states seeAlso Intuitively, causation seems to require not just a correlation, but a counterfactual dependence.

Knowing that causation is a matter of counterfactual dependence, we may reflect on the nature of counterfactual dependence to account for the nature of causation.

And my counterfactual is that, absent the Cold War, the New Deal, which we now regard as such a juggernaut, would be seen as a momentary blip like so many other progressive moments in American politics.

Buckley’s book poses many controversial questions to the reader while engaging in some wonderful counterfactual exercises in order to prove the author’s point: that nullification is our bifurcated country’s only hope at remaining a country.

Due to this focus, higher education is risking a "dystopian counterfactual" valuation of degrees as hollow representations of bureaucratic endurance rather than employability.

Measuring the eect of policy decisions is challenging as it requires the construction of a counterfactual.

They will get a guy who will give them the ability to construct an important counterfactual: If this guy can’t make it work, maybe it really isn’t workable.

I’m just not certain that’s the relevant counterfactual.

One problem with this counterfactual is that there aren’t a lot of data points to back it up.

Meanwhile, Fairfax shareholders have to think about the counterfactual.

Assuming counterfactual definiteness, reality has been enlarged, and there is a non-locality problem.

By rejecting the photons that Bob receives and only accepting the ones he doesn't receive, Bob & Alice can set up a secure channel, i.e. Eve's attempts to read the counterfactual photons would still be detected.

Counterfactual definiteness is an uncontroversial property of all classical physical theories prior to quantum theory, due to their determinism.

If one chooses to reject counterfactual definiteness, reality has been made smaller, and there is no non-locality problem.

In 1748, when defining causation, David Hume referred to a counterfactual case: "…we may define a cause to be an object, followed by another, and where all objects, similar to the first, are followed by objects similar to the second.

In terms of mathematical formalism, is such a counterfactual momentum measurement to be included, together with the factual position measurement, in the statistical population of possible outcomes describing the particle?

It is more precisely called counterfactual definiteness ; it means that we may think of outcomes of measurements that were not actually performed as being just as much part of reality as those that were made.

It is senseless to ask what confirms a counterfactual.

Joseph Inikori provided a new line of argument, estimating counterfactual demographic developments in case the Atlantic slave trade had not existed.

Nonetheless, their identification of the cause of an event, and their counterfactual thought about how the event could have turned out differently do not always coincide.