Dentals

Before PIE i, consonants other than dentals are not necessarily palatalized (researchers differ on what exactly happened); this is indicated as (+).

In addition, as a result of a process usually termed iotation (or iodization), velars and dentals alternate with palatals in various inflected forms and in word formation.

In later Egyptian stressed CV:C, CVCC, and CV became much more common because of the loss of final dentals and glides.

Most researchers agree that some of the PIE dentals are reflected differently from others — contrary to the situation with all other PIE stops.

Palatalization occurred before PIE e, ē, y and sometimes i; specifically, PIE i triggered palatalization of dentals but generally not of velars or labials.

The alveolars and dentals may also be either apical or laminal, but this difference is indicated with diacritics rather than with separate symbols.

This in turn suggests that some sound changes must have operated on particular dentals, but not others, prior to the general loss of contrastive voicing and aspiration.

While the retroflex stops are mapped to 't, T, d, D, N', the dentals are mapped to 'w, W, x, X, n'.