Ethnics

Humphreys and Habyarimana argue that cooperation among co-ethnics is primarily driven by reciprocity norms that tend to be stronger among co-ethnics.

FAAPA also strategizes to position news agencies to remain relevant with regard to the fast changing trends in multimedia technologies and is a champion of professional ethnics.

Consociationalism assumes that a politician will best represent the will of his co-ethnics above other political parties.

Ethnic cooperation takes place because co-ethnics have common social networks and therefore can monitor each other and can threaten to socially sanction any transgressors.

However, this transmigration program and close interactions between people of different cultural backgrounds might caused socio-cultural problems, as the inter-ethnics interactions might not always conducted harmoniously.

In democratizing societies, this could lead to ethnic outbidding and lead to extreme politicians pushing out moderate co-ethnics.

It was only when anonymity was removed and everyone’s ethnicity was known did co-ethnics decide to favor each other.

Politicians and political parties in turn, have an incentive to favor co-ethnics in their distribution of material benefits.

The authors find no evidence to suggest that co-ethnics display a greater degree of altruism towards each other or have the same preferences.

The possibility of social sanctions compelled those who would not otherwise cooperate with their co-ethnics to do so.

Western governments have accused Russia, China and the former Soviet republics of justifying the suppression of separatist movements, and the associated ethnics and religion with the War on Terror.