Externalists

And whereas internalists require cognitive access to justificatory means, externalists find justification without such access.

Critics have also claimed that content externalists are committed to epistemological absurdities.

Externalism and internalism main A central debate about the nature of justification is a debate between epistemological externalists on the one hand, and epistemological internalists on the other.

Externalists claim this is implausible, as we would have to ascribe to Ike knowledge he wouldn't need to successfully think about or refer to his mother.

Externalists hold that factors deemed "external", meaning outside of the psychological states of those who gain knowledge, can be conditions of justification.

For example, semantic externalists maintain that the word "water" referred to the substance whose chemical composition is H 2 O even before scientists had discovered that chemical composition.

Internalists and externalists The memetics movement split almost immediately into two.

There is no general agreement amongst content externalists as to the scope of the thesis.