Hoppál

Anthropologist Mihály Hoppál also discusses whether the term "shamanism" is appropriate.

Attempts are being made to preserve and revitalize Tuvan shamanism: Hoppál 2005: 117 former authentic shamans have begun to practice again, and young apprentices are being educated in an organized way.

Hoppál 1994: 62 After exemplifying the general decline even in the most remote areas, it should be noted that there are revitalization or tradition-preserving efforts as a response.

Hoppál 1998: 40 Following similar thoughts, he also conjectures a contemporary paradigm shift.

Hoppál 2005: 13 The area is inhabited by many different ethnic groups, and many of its peoples observe shamanistic practices, even in modern times.

Hoppál 2005:13 These native religions date back hundreds of years.

Hoppál 2005: 36 A single shaman may fulfill several of these functions.

Hoppál 2007b: 13 It not only reveals the animistic views hiding behind shamanism, but also conveys their relevance for the contemporary world, where ecological problems have validated paradigms about balance and protection.

Hoppál extended the term to include not only the interpretation of oral and written texts, but that of "visual texts as well (including motions, gestures and more complex ritual, and ceremonies performed for instance by shamans)".