Ionosphere in a sentence

Auroras and the ionosphere Bright auroras are generally associated with Birkeland currents (Schield et al., 1969; citation Zmuda and Armstrong, 1973 citation ), which flow down into the ionosphere on one side of the pole and out on the other.

Total refraction can occur when the collision frequency of the ionosphere is less than the radio frequency, and if the electron density in the ionosphere is great enough.

Within this region, no signal can be received because, due to the conditions of the local ionosphere, the relevant sky waves are not reflected but penetrate the ionosphere.

Scientists will investigate ionosphere mechanisms that cause optical emissions.

Unlike FM band stations, which are limited to line-of-sight reception by the laws of physics, lower-frequency AM signals bounce off the ionosphere after sunset, giving them a range of hundreds and sometimes thousands of kilometers.

In an image captured by in July 2022, using the instrument’s Integral Field Unit capabilities, the observatory unveiled an infrared light emitted by hydrogen in Jupiter’s ionosphere above the giant gas planet’s Great Red Spot.

In Carl Sagan's novel "Contact," humanity is first alerted to extraterrestrial presence by a retransmission of Adolf Hitler's opening speech at the 1936 Summer Olympics—the first TV signal strong enough to escape Earth's ionosphere.

The energy is reflected upward by the ionosphere's lower boundary, at about 55 miles altitude, in the opposite hemisphere.

They occur in Earth’s ionosphere hundreds of miles up.

The spacecraft carries an instrument to measure electrical disturbances in the ionosphere to investigate how they might be linked to earthquakes.

Here it will be able to observe how interactions between terrestrial weather and a layer of charged particles called the ionosphere creates changes in the space environment — including bright swaths of color in the atmosphere called airglow.

The most recent research used the Keck telescope in Hawaii to tune into and map the signature wavelength of a tell-tale flow of ions released by the icy ring particles as they vaporize and react with Saturn’s ionosphere.

Both the US and the Soviet Union developed sites to alter the ionosphere during the Cold War but China has redoubled these efforts and is now building its own.

One such dataset is the unique record of the Earth’s ionosphere – the electrified region of the Earth’s upper atmosphere, which was painstakingly recorded from 1933 onwards at the Radio Research Station near Slough.

When frenetic particles shot from the sun tickle the gases in the ionosphere from 60 to 100 miles over our heads, they glow aquamarine.

Also in 1902, Arthur Edwin Kennelly discovered some of the ionosphere's radio-electrical properties.

Analysis of the radio signals was used to gather information about the electron density of the ionosphere, while temperature and pressure data was encoded in the duration of radio beeps.

An ionosonde sweeps a range of frequencies, usually from 0.1 to 30 MHz, transmitting at vertical incidence to the ionosphere.

A smaller number of particles from the solar wind manage to travel, as though on an electromagnetic energy transmission line, to the Earth's upper atmosphere and ionosphere in the auroral zones.

As of 2008, the parameters of the ionosphere of Ganymede are not well constrained.