Munera in a sentence

Theologians will continue to debate whether there is a munus, a single, threefold power, or three munera – teaching, sanctifying, governing – proper to the office.

Before the listed contests were fought, the gladiators may have held informal warm-up matches, using blunted or dummy weapons – some munera, however, may have used blunted weapons throughout.

Even emperors who disliked munera were thus obliged to attend them.

Even the most complex and sophisticated munera of the Imperial era evoked the ancient, ancestral dii manes of the underworld and were framed by the protective, lawful rites of sacrificium.

From Augustus's time, official munera seem to have followed a standard sequence.

From the Principate onwards, private citizens could hold munera and own gladiators only under Imperial permission, and the role of editor was increasingly tied to state officialdom.

In late Republican munera, between 10 and 13 pairs could have fought on one day; this assumes one match at a time in the course of an afternoon.

In the Eastern provinces of the later Imperium, the state archiereis combined the roles of editor, Imperial cult priest and lanista, giving gladiatoria munera in which the use of sharp weapons seems an exceptional honour.

It is not known how many gladiatoria munera were given throughout the Roman period.

Livy's account (summary 16) places beast-hunts and gladiatorial munera within this single munus.

The enthusiastic adoption of gladiatoria munera by Rome's Iberian allies shows how easily, and how early, the culture of the gladiator munus permeated places far from Rome itself.

The practical differences between ludi and munera were beginning to blur.

This is described as a munus (plural: munera ), a commemorative duty owed the manes of a dead ancestor by his descendants.

Thomas Wiedemann interprets this in the much earlier context of the Historia Augusta, in which Alexander Severus (r. 222–235) was said to intend the redistribution of munera throughout the year.