Munus in a sentence

Theologians will continue to debate whether there is a munus, a single, threefold power, or three munera – teaching, sanctifying, governing – proper to the office.

An imperially sanctioned munus at some time in the 330s suggests that yet again, imperial legislation to curb the games proved ineffective, not least when Constantine defied his own law.

As most ordinarii at games were from the same school, this kept potential opponents separate and safe from each other until the lawful munus.

Caesar's 46 BC ludi were hardly justified as munus after a 20-year interval since his father's death, in which case they were mere entertainment for political gain, a waste of lives, and of money, better doled out to needy army veterans.

Caesar's munus of 46 BC included at least one equestrian, son of a Praetor, and possibly two senatorial volunteers.

Death, disposal, and remembrance A flask depicting the final phase of the fight between a murmillo (winning) and a thraex The proximity of death defined the munus for all concerned.

For enthusiasts, a more detailed program (libellus) was prepared for the day of the munus, showing the names, types and match records of gladiator pairs (of interest to gamblers) and their order of appearance.

In the pre-Christian era, the highest status funerals involved expensive, prolonged cremation ceremonies, sometimes complete with a munus offering.

Livy's account (summary 16) places beast-hunts and gladiatorial munera within this single munus.

Mosaics dating from the 2nd through 4th centuries AD have been invaluable in the reconstruction of combat and its rules, gladiator types and the development of the munus.

Telemachus had personally stepped in to prevent the munus.

Tertullian describes the offering of a fallen gladiator's blood to Jupiter Latiaris by an officiating priest – a travesty of the offering of the blood of martyrs – but places this within a munus (or a festival) dedicated to Jupiter Latiaris.

The amphitheatre munus thus served the Roman community as living theatre and a court in miniature, in which judgement could be served not only on those in the arena below, but on their judges.

The enthusiastic adoption of gladiatoria munera by Rome's Iberian allies shows how easily, and how early, the culture of the gladiator munus permeated places far from Rome itself.

The munus became a morally instructive form of historic enactment in which the only honourable option for the gladiator was to fight well, or else die well.

The munus itself could be interpreted as pious necessity, but its increasing luxury corroded Roman virtue, and created an un-Roman appetite for profligacy and self-indulgence.

The munus thus represented an essentially military, self-sacrificial ideal, taken to extreme fulfillment in the gladiator's oath.

The next recorded munus, held for the funeral of Publius Licinius in 183 BC, was more extravagant.

They included a provincial magnate's five-day munus of thirty pairs, plus beast-hunts.

This is described as a munus (plural: munera ), a commemorative duty owed the manes of a dead ancestor by his descendants.