Pontiffs

Consequently, they summoned the council to Pisa and invited both pontiffs to be present.

Henry's predecessors dealt easily with troublesome pontiffs - they simply deposed them, and the excommunicated Lombard bishops rejoiced at this prospect.

In addition to being the head of the Church, the Pope became one of Italy's most important secular rulers, and pontiffs such as Julius II often waged campaigns to protect and expand their temporal domains.

Nor is she placed on the list of the Holy Pontiffs, both because of her female sex and on account of the foulness of the matter.

Ovid Fasti II 679. On that day, Roman pontiffs and magistrates held a ceremony at the sixth mile of the Via Laurentina (ancient border of the Roman ager, which maintained a religious value).

Pontificate Negotiations to end the schism The two pontiffs opened wary negotiations to meet on neutral turf at Savona in Liguria, but soon began to waver in their resolve.

Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI, (HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 138. A foreign pope and foreign papal officers were seen with suspicion by Roman nobles, who were led by Crescentius II to revolt.

Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI, (HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 168. There was some suspicion that he was murdered, as he died within a week of Crescentius, considered by many to have been his patron.

Seven of the cardinals secretly left Lucca and negotiated with the cardinals of Benedict XIII concerning the convocation of a general council by them, at which both pontiffs should be deposed and a new one elected.

The activities of these pontiffs coincided with a rediscovery of the ancient Christian catacombs in Rome.

They would have considered the priestly colleges (such as the College of Pontiffs or Epulones ) and cult practices more meaningful distinctions.sfn Referring to paganism as "pre-Christian indigenous religions" is equally untenable.

Though he could assign pontiffs to act as minor judges in some cases, he had supreme authority in all cases brought before him, both civil and criminal.

Varro was acquainted with the libri pontificum ("books of the Pontiffs ") and their archaic classifications.