Shippey

As the medievalist and Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey explains in “J.

He is a dad to to 10-year-old Nyla and Reuben, six, with his ex-girlfriend Lauren Shippey who he split with in 2017, the same year he struck up a romance with Hanni.

Norse mythology however considered Hope (Vön) to be the slobber dripping from the mouth of Fenris Wolf : Tom Shippey, J. R. R. Tolkien (2001) p. 153 their concept of courage rated most highly a cheerful bravery in the absence of hope.

Shippey contends that this Christian view of evil is most clearly stated by Boethius: "evil is nothing".

Tom Shippey in his essay does not dispute this answer but identifies and discusses the essential differences that exists between a science fiction novel and one written outside the field.