Superoxide in a sentence

Because the uncatalysed dismutation reaction for superoxide requires two superoxide molecules to react with each other, the dismutation rate is second-order with respect to initial superoxide concentration.

Aconitase is one of several iron-sulfur-containing (de)hydratases in metabolic pathways shown to be inactivated by superoxide. citation Physiology Superoxide is one of the main reactive oxygen species in the cell.

Because the superoxide releases the most energy when formed, the superoxide is preferentially formed for the larger alkali metals where the more complex anions are not polarised.

Moreover, superoxide dismutase has the largest k cat /K M (an approximation of catalytic efficiency) of any known enzyme (~7 x 10 9 M −1 s −1 ), citation this reaction being limited only by the frequency of collision between itself and superoxide.

In addition, the researchers found that the contents of serum globulin and lysozyme, globulin ratio, the activity of superoxide dismutase, and the antibody titer were significantly higher in the immunized group than those in the control group.

Superoxide dismutase (a powerful antioxidant enzyme that neutralises potentially damaging free radicals) requires zinc for its action.

The drug was approved by the FDA last year for treating ALS with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations.

Two of the more serious issues involve the intermediate of the cell chemistry (superoxide, LiO) and the peroxide product (Li) reacting with the porous carbon cathode, degrading the cell from within.

Additionally, francium superoxide (FrO 2 ) is expected to have covalent character, unlike the other alkali metal superoxides, because of bonding contributions from the 6p electrons of francium.

Bacteria Human white blood cells generate superoxide and other reactive oxygen species to kill bacteria.

Francium superoxide (FrO 2 ) is expected to have a more covalent character than its lighter congeners ; this is attributed to the 6p electrons in francium being more involved in the francium–oxygen bonding.

Here, the superoxide released by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation is first converted to hydrogen peroxide and then further reduced to give water.

If superoxide ion associated to Fe 3+ is protonated, the hemoglobin iron will remain oxidized and incapable of binding oxygen.

It has been demonstrated that peroxisomes generate superoxide (O 2 •− ) and nitric oxide ( • NO) radicals. citation citation The peroxisome of plant cells is polarised when fighting fungal penetration.

Molecular At a molecular level, insulin resistance has been proposed to be a reaction to excess nutrition by superoxide dismutase in cell mitochondria that acts as an antioxidant defense mechanism.

Parts of the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes.

Several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase etc. protect DNA from oxidative stress.

SOD is necessary because superoxide reacts with sensitive and critical cellular targets.

Superoxide is known to denature enzymes, oxidize lipids, and fragment DNA.

The 3D structures of the homologous Mn and Fe superoxide dismutases have the same arrangement of alpha-helices, and their active sites contain the same type and arrangement of amino acid side-chains.