Thulium in a sentence

Single-element thulium-doped YAG (Tm:YAG) lasers operate between 1930 and 2040 nm. citation The wavelength of thulium-based lasers is very efficient for superficial ablation of tissue, with minimal coagulation depth in air or in water.

The roots of plants do not take up thulium, and the dry weight of vegetables usually contains one part per billion of thulium.

This makes thulium lasers attractive for laser-based surgery. citation X-ray source Despite its high cost, portable X-ray devices use thulium that has been bombarded in a nuclear reactor as a radiation source.

This oxide is sometimes called "thulia". citation Reddish-purple thulium(II) compounds can be made by the reduction of thulium(III) compounds.

Thulium has not been observed to have a biological role, but small amounts of soluble thulium salts stimulate metabolism.

A relatively pure sample of thulium metal was first obtained in 1911.

Click here for more information. main infobox Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series.

Despite this, thulium has a low level of toxicity.

In 1879, Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve separated in the rare earth erbia another two previously unknown components, which he called holmia and thulia : these were the oxides of holmium and thulium respectively.

In aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble thulium compounds form complexes with nine water molecules.

Isotopes main The isotopes of thulium range from 145 Tm to 179 Tm.

It is the only isotope of thulium that is thought to be stable, although it is predicted to undergo alpha decay to holmium -165 with a very long half-life.

Laser Holmium chromium -thulium triple-doped Yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:Cr:Tm:YAG, or Ho,Cr,Tm:YAG) is an active laser medium material with high efficiency.

Liver damage from thulium is more prevalent in male mice than female mice.

Properties Physical properties Pure thulium metal has a bright, silvery luster, which tarnishes on exposure to air.

Samarium and thulium also behave this way in the +2 state, but europium (II) is stable in aqueous solution.

The other heavier lanthanides – terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium – become ferromagnetic at much lower temperatures.

The primary decay products before are element 67 ( holmium ) isotopes, and the primary products after are element 69 ( thulium ) isotopes.

The primary decay products of ytterbium isotopes lighter than 174 Yb are thulium isotopes, and the primary decay products of ytterbium isotopes with heavier than 174 Yb are lutetium isotopes.

Thulium's atomic symbol was once Tu, but this was changed to Tm.