Thylakoid in a sentence

The thylakoid itself is enclosed by the thylakoid membrane, and within the enclosed volume is a lumen or thylakoid space.

While different parts of the thylakoid system contain different membrane proteins, the thylakoid membranes are continuous and the thylakoid space they enclose form a single continuous labyrinth.

Molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, decreasing the pH and turning it acidic.

Shaded chloroplasts contain larger and more grana with more thylakoid membrane area than chloroplasts exposed to bright light, which have smaller and fewer grana and less thylakoid area.

They can't fit in the appressed granal membranes, and so are found in the stromal thylakoid membrane—the edges of the granal thylakoid disks and the stromal thylakoids.

While the thylakoid system is still commonly depicted according to the folded thylakoid model, it was determined in 2011 that the stacked and helical thylakoids model is correct.

ATP synthase is a large protein complex that harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy as the hydrogen ions flow back out into the stroma—much like a dam turbine.

Chlorophyll molecules are specifically arranged in and around photosystems that are embedded in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Cryptophyte chloroplasts and some cyanobacteria don't have their phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes, and keep them in their thylakoid space instead.

Embedded in the thylakoid membrane are integral and peripheral membrane protein complexes of the photosynthetic system, including the pigments that absorb light energy.

For a long time, the three-dimensional structure of the thylakoid system has been unknown or disputed.

In normal green chloroplasts, the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid.

In old or stressed chloroplasts, plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains, still always anchored to a thylakoid.

One model has the granum as a stack of thylakoids linked by helical stromal thylakoids; the other has the granum as a single folded thylakoid connected in a "hub and spoke" way to other grana by stromal thylakoids.

Photosystem I typically works in series with Photosystem II; thus the P700 + of Photosystem I is usually reduced as it accepts the electron, via many intermediates in the thylakoid membrane, by electrons come, ultimately, from Photosystem II.

Phycobilins are also common cyanobacterial pigments, usually organized into hemispherical phycobilisomes attached to the outside of the thylakoid membranes (phycobilins are not shared with all chloroplasts though).

Phylloquinone's tight binding to thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts makes it less bioavailable.

Plants depend critically on photosynthesis by chloroplast thylakoid membranes which are exposed cold environmental temperatures.

Plastoglobuli form when a bubble appears between the layers of the lipid bilayer of the thylakoid membrane, or bud from existing plastoglubuli—though they never detach and float off into the stroma.

Practically all plastoglobuli form on or near the highly curved edges of the thylakoid disks or sheets.